Correlations in Nonequilibrium Steady States
نویسندگان
چکیده
We present the results of a detailed study of energy correlations at steady state for a 1-D model of coupled energy and matter transport. Our aim is to discover — via theoretical arguments, conjectures, and numerical simulations — how spatial covariances scale with system size, their relations to local thermodynamic quantities, and the randomizing effects of heat baths. Among our findings are that short-range covariances respond quadratically to local temperature gradients, and long-range covariances decay linearly with macroscopic distance. These findings are consistent with exact results for the simple exclusion and KMP models.
منابع مشابه
Quantum Macrostatistical Theory of Nonequilibrium Steady States
We provide a general macrostatistical formulation of nonequilibrium steady states of reservoir driven quantum systems. This formulation is centred on the large scale properties of the locally conserved hydrodynamical observables, and our basic physical assumptions comprise (a) a chaoticity hypothesis for the nonconserved currents carried by these observables, (b) an extension of Onsager’s regre...
متن کاملQuantum Macrostatistical Picture of Nonequilibrium Steady States
We apply our quantum macrostatistical treatment of irreversible processes [18] to prove that, in nonequilibrium steady states, (a) the hydrodynamical observables execute a generalised Onsager-Machlup [12] process and (b) the spatial correlations of these observables are generically of long range. The key assumptions behind these results are a nonequilibrium version of Onsager regression hypothe...
متن کاملFluctuation-induced pressures in fluids in thermal nonequilibrium steady states.
Correlations in fluids in nonequilibrium steady states are long range. Hence, finite-size effects have important consequences in the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of fluids. One consequence is that nonequilibrium temperature fluctuations induce nonequilibrium Casimir-like pressures proportional to the square of the temperature gradient. Hence, fluctuations cause a breakdown of the concept of lo...
متن کاملFluorescence correlation spectroscopy with high-order and dual-color correlation to probe nonequilibrium steady states.
In living cells, biochemical reaction networks often function in nonequilibrium steady states. Under these conditions, the networks necessarily have cyclic reaction kinetics that are maintained by sustained constant input and output, i.e., pumping. To differentiate this state from an equilibrium state without flux, we propose a microscopic method based on concentration fluctuation measurements,...
متن کاملNonequilibrium steady states in a vibrated-rod monolayer : tetratic, nematic, and smectic correlations
We study experimentally the nonequilibrium phase behaviour of a horizontal monolayer of macroscopic rods. The motion of the rods in two dimensions is driven by vibrations in the vertical direction. Aside from the control variables of packing fraction and aspect ratio that are typically explored in molecular liquid crystalline systems, due to the macroscopic size of the particles we are also abl...
متن کاملNonequilibrium Steady State in a Quantum System: One-Dimensional Transverse Ising Model with Energy Current
We study the nonequilibrium steady states of an Ising chain in a transverse field h by investigating the effect of a field l, which drives the current of energy. The zero-temperature, h-l phase diagram is determined exactly, and it is found that the energy current appears continuously above a threshold l . lcshd. The long-range magnetic order (present for h , hc , l , lc) is destroyed in the cu...
متن کامل